๐ŸšซNode Penalties

Node Penalties in Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)

In a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, the integrity and security of the blockchain network are paramount. To ensure that delegates (nodes) behave appropriately and maintain the networkโ€™s health, several penalties can be imposed for various forms of misconduct. This page outlines the common reasons for penalizing nodes in a DPoS system.

Actions that triggers Penalties

Double Signing (Double Spend Attempt)

If a node is found to be signing multiple blocks at the same height, attempting to create conflicting transactions or blocks, it can face severe penalties. This behavior undermines the consensus and trust in the network.

Downtime (Unavailability)

Nodes are expected to be online and available to validate and produce blocks. If a node fails to produce blocks or is frequently offline, it can be penalized. This could include a temporary/permanent removal from the list of active delegates.

More details:

โณDowntime Management

Malicious Behavior:

Any actions deemed malicious, such as attempting to attack the network, creating invalid transactions, or manipulating the voting process, are severely penalized to protect the networkโ€™s integrity.

Unlocking Tokens

If you unlock the tokens that were staked when you registered your validator node while the node is still running, you will be penalized. To avoid this, make sure your staked tokens stay staked for as long as your validator node is active.

Failure to Follow Protocol Rules:

Nodes must adhere to the rules and guidelines set by the network. Failure to follow these rules, such as not updating software when required, can result in penalties.

Consequences of Penalties

When a validator is penalized, they face several consequences beyond the immediate penalties:

  • Block Production: The penalized validator can no longer produce blocks.

  • Mining Rewards: The penalized validator will no longer receive mining rewards.

  • Accumulated Gas Rewards: The penalized validator cannot withdraw their accumulated gas rewards.

Re-application Process for Validators

Penalized validators have the option to apply to become a validator again. The re-application process involves the following steps:

  1. Application: The penalized validator submits an application to rejoin as a validator.

  2. Voting: Current validators vote to approve or reject the application.

  3. Outcome: If the majority of validators approve the application, the penalized validator can resume their role. If not, the penalized validator remains unable to produce blocks or withdraw accumulated rewards.

This process ensures that only trustworthy and reliable nodes are allowed to participate in the network, maintaining its integrity and security.


These penalties are designed to ensure that nodes in a DPoS system operate with integrity and reliability. By imposing these penalties, the network can maintain its security, reliability, and trustworthiness, ultimately protecting the interests of all participants.

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